Herbal Abstracts, Continued, Page 2 (G - Z)

(Herbal Medicine via Medline)
 
 

Garlic See: Allium sativa, Liliaceae

Germander See: Teucrium chamaedrys

Ginger-- See: Zingiber officinale, Zingiberaceae

Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgoaceae

Health Care Reality Check FAQ – Ginkgo Biloba. Maida Taylor, Helen Coleman

BMJ 2001 Jan 13;322(7278):73 Effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba in treating tinnitus: double blind, placebo controlled trial. Drew S, Davies E

Ceska Slov Farm 2000 Jul;49(4):162-7 [Interactions between herbal medicines and drugs]. [Article in Czech] Tumova L.

Ginseng (Asian and American) – See: Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, Araliaceae

Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae

Health Care Reality Check FAQ – Licorice. Maida Taylor, Helen Coleman

Ceska Slov Farm 2000 Jul;49(4):162-7 [Interactions between herbal medicines and drugs]. [Article in Czech] Tumova L.

Int J Eat Disord. 1999 Jul;26(1):111-4.Licorice-induced hypokalemic myopathy and hypokalemic renal tubular damage in anorexia nervosa. Ishikawa S, Kato M, Tokuda T, Momoi H, Sekijima Y, Higuchi M, Yanagisawa N.

J Intern Med. 1999 Mar;245(3):307-10.Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalaemia. Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillorn V.

Ital J Neurol Sci. 1997 Aug;18(4):217-20.Hypokaliemic rhabdomyolysis associated with liquorice ingestion: report of an atypical case. Barrella M, Lauria G, Quatrale R, Paolino E.

Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996 Jun 22;126(25):1085-98 [Serious plant poisonings in Switzerland 1966-1994. Case analysis from the Swiss Toxicology Information Center]. [Article in German] Jaspersen-Schib R, Theus L, Guirguis-Oeschger M, Gossweiler B, Meier-Abt PJ

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1996 Dec 28;140(52):2632-5. Dutch. [Hypertension caused by licorice consumption]. Seelen MA, de Meijer PH, Braun J, Swinkels LM, Waanders H, Meinders AE, Meijer PH.

Ugeskr Laeger. 1996 Dec 16;158(51):7420-1.Danish. [Licorice. A basis for precautions one more time]! Folkersen L, Knudsen NA, Teglbjaerg PS.

Neth J Med. 1995 Nov;47(5):230-4. Liquorice-induced hypertension--a new understanding of an old disease: case report and brief review. Heikens J, Fliers E, Endert E, Ackermans M, van Montfrans G. Related Articles

An Med Interna. 1995 Jan;12(1):33-5. Spanish.[Acute rhabdomyolysis and tetraparesis secondary to hypokalemia due to ingested licorice]. Berlango Jimenez A, Jimenez Murillo L, Montero Perez FJ, Munoz Avila JA, Torres Murillo J, Calderon de la Barca Gazquez JM.

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1994 Jun;23(2):359-77.Review. Licorice-induced hypertension and syndromes of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Walker BR, Edwards CR.

J Hum Hypertens. 1994 May;8(5):371-5. Review. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Benediktsson R, Edwards CR.

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Apr;45(1-3):1-5. Review. Congenital and acquired syndromes of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Edwards CR, Walker BR, Benediktsson R, Seckl JR.

Rev Med Interne. 1993 Feb;14(2):121-2. French.[Perverse effects of an apparently harmless habit]. Michaux L, Lefebvre C, Coche E.

Nephrologie. 1993;14(4):177-81.French.[Hypokalemia without arterial hypertension by licorice poisoning]. Luchon L, Meyrier A, Paillard F. Related Articles

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Oct;43(5):409-13. Review. Glucocorticoid-dependent hypertension. Mantero F, Boscaro M.

Ultrastruct Pathol. 1992 Sep-Oct;16(5):529-35. Acute myopathy associated with chronic licorice ingestion: reversible loss of myoadenylate deaminase activity. Caradonna P, Gentiloni N, Servidei S, Perrone GA, Greco AV, Russo MA.

J Electrocardiol. 1992 Apr;25(2):163-6.Giant negative U waves in a patient with uncontrolled hypertension and severe hypokalemia. Kanemoto N, Nakayama K, Ide M, Goto Y.

Z Kardiol. 1991 Jun;80(6):389-91. German.[Induction of arrhythmia by licorice abuse]. Bocker D, Breithardt G.

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(4-6):501-9.Review. The cortisol-cortisone shuttle and hypertension. Stewart PM, Edwards CR.

J Endocrinol Invest. 1990 Nov;13(10):847-8. Pseudohyperaldosteronism from liquorice-containing laxatives. Scali M, Pratesi C, Zennaro MC, Zampollo V, Armanini D.

Clin Ter. 1990 Jan 15;132(1):55-8. Italian. [Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism caused by licorice. Pathogenetic considerations and presentation of a clinical case]. Lorenzin F, Degen C, Milani A, Siciliano M, Rossi L.

Aust N Z J Med. 1989 Aug;19(4):365-7. Severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice during Ramadan. Achar KN, Abduo TJ, Menon NK.

Endocrinology. 1989 Mar;124(3):1588-90. The antinatriuretic and kaliuretic effects of the glucocorticoids corticosterone and cortisol following pretreatment with carbenoxolone sodium (a liquorice derivative) in the adrenalectomized rat. Souness GW, Morris DJ.

Minerva Med. 1988 Mar;79(3):209-14. Italian. [Arterial hypertension with hypokalemia]. Montanari G, Zanaletti F, Quadrelli GC, Di Battista F, Ongis GA, Fraschini A, Zinzalini G, Abbiati C.

Minerva Med. 1988 Jan;79(1):55-60. Italian.[Hypopotassemia and rhabdomyolysis. Description of 3 cases of different etiologies]. Maresca MC, Calconi G, Amici GP, Teodori T, Da Porto A.

Postgrad Med J. 1987 Jul;63(741):589-90. Severe hypokalaemia from kaolin and morphine abuse. Kirkham B, Cowell R, Rees J.

Minerva Med. 1985 Apr 7;76(14-15):725-8. Italian. [L-carnitine chloride and potassium chloride in the treatment of a case of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis without myoglobinuria caused by the ingestion of liquorice]. Ruggeri CS, Olivari G, Benvenuti ME, De Iacobis M, Peruzza M, Chinello M, Mazzolini GF, Rubini G.

Ital J Neurol Sci. 1984 Dec;5(4):463-6. Hypokalemic myopathy associated with liquorice ingestion. Cibelli G, De Mari M, Pozio G, Lamberti P.

Rev Neurol (Paris). 1984;140(3):207-11. French. [Hypokalemic paralysis after prolonged absorption of a non-alcoholic pastis in a diabetic]. de Rohan Chabot P, Gueguen B, Patte D, Gajdos P, Raphael JC, Goulon M.

Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1984;135(4):296-8. French. [Major hypokalemia with rhabdomyolysis secondary to the intake of a nonalcoholic aniseed aperitif]. Piette AM, Bauer D, Chapman A.

Ital J Neurol Sci. 1983 Dec;4(4):493-7. Acute hypokalemic myopathy due to chronic licorice ingestion: report of a case. Corsi FM, Galgani S, Gasparini C, Giacanelli M, Piazza G.

Riv Patol Nerv Ment. 1983 Jul-Aug;104(4):179-83. Italian. [Licorice-induced myopathy. Report of a new case]. Gibertoni M, Bonito V, Colombo A, Falasca A, Nichelli P.

Klin Wochenschr. 1983 Mar 15;61(6):303-5. Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria due to licorice ingestion and diuretic treatment. Heidemann HT, Kreuzfelder E.

Minerva Med. 1982 Sep 15;73(35):2279-86. Italian. [Hypokalemic myopathy in arterial hypertension]. Santeusanio F, Nunzi E, Natali P, Nicoletti I, Angeletti G, Filipponi P, Rambotti P. Related Articles

Postgrad Med J. 1981 Sep;57(671):577-9. Anorexia nervosa, liquorice and hypokalaemic myopathy. Nightingale S, Smith PE, Turnbull DM.

Minerva Med. 1981 Apr 2;72(13):825-30. Italian. [Pseudo-Conn's syndrome after habitual ingestion of liquorice. Report on various clinical cases]. Cuspidi C, Gelosa M, Moroni E, Sampieri L.

Postgrad Med J. 1981 Jan;57(663):48-9. Total body potassium depletion and severe myopathy due to chronic liquorice ingestion. Sundaram MB, Swaminathan R.

Postgrad Med J. 1980 Jul;56(657):526-9. Severe hypokalaemia with paralysis induced by small doses of liquorice. Cumming AM, Boddy K, Brown JJ, Fraser R, Lever AF, Padfield PL, Robertson JI.

Endocrinol Jpn. 1979 Oct;26(5):541-7.Prolonged pseudoaldosteronism induced by glycyrrhizin. Takeda R, Morimoto S, Uchida K, Nakai T, Miyamoto M, Hashiba T, Yoshimitsu K, Kim KS, Miwa U

Br Med J. 1977 Feb 19;1(6059):488-90.Effect of eating liquorice on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis in normal subjects. Epstein MT, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H.

Am J Hosp Pharm. 1975 Jan;32(1):73-4. Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. Wash LK, Bernard JD.

Goldenseal See: Hydrastis spp. (berberine toxicity)

Grape Seed Extract [GSE]

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002 Mar;88(3):272-8 Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of grapeseed extract in the treatment of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Bernstein DI, Bernstein CK, Deng C, Murphy KJ, Bernstein IL, Bernstein JA, Shukla R.

Groundsel (Common groundsel) – See: Senecio spp.

Guang fang ji. See: Aristolochia, spp.

Hai Ge Fen (adulteration of) (This appears to be a reference to a clam, Cyclinae sinensis, which of course is a mollusk, not a plant – though traditional Chinese medicine tends to make little distinction between plant, animal, and mineral material. Bensky and Gamble discuss it by that Pinyin name on page 184.)

JAMA 1994 Mar 23-30;271(12):932-4 Lead poisoning due to hai ge fen. The porphyrin content of individual erythrocytes. Markowitz SB, Nunez CM, Klitzman S, Munshi AA, Kim WS, Eisinger J, Landrigan PJ

Hedeoma pulegioides, Lamiaceae Mentha pulegium, Lamiaceae -- (pulegone and menthofuran toxicity)

J Neurol 1999 Aug;246(8):667-70 Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T.

Ann Intern Med 1996 Apr 15;124(8):726-34 Pennyroyal toxicity: measurement of toxic metabolite levels in two cases and review of the literature. Anderson IB, Mullen WH, Meeker JE, Khojasteh-BakhtSC, Oishi S, Nelson SD, Blanc PD

J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992 Mar 15;200(6):817-8 Pennyroyal oil toxicosis in a dog. Sudekum M, Poppenga RH, Raju N, Braselton WE Jr

J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990 May;253(2):567-72 Menthofuran-dependent and independent aspects of pulegone hepatotoxicity: roles of glutathione. Thomassen D, Slattery JT, Nelson SD

He-Shou-Wu See: Polygonum multiflorum, Polygonaceae

Heliotropium spp., Boraginaceae

Presse Med 1994 Apr 16;23(15):691-3 [Liver involvement in the course of phytotherapy]. [Article in French] Larrey D

Heracleum mantegazzianum, Apiaceae

Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996 Jun 22;126(25):1085-98 [Serious plant poisonings in Switzerland 1966-1994. Case analysis from the Swiss Toxicology Information Center]. [Article in German] Jaspersen-Schib R, Theus L, Guirguis-Oeschger M, Gossweiler B, Meier-Abt PJ

HIV

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999 Sep 1;22(1):56-64 Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Chinese herb therapy for HIV-1-infected individuals. Weber R, Christen L, Loy M, Schaller S, Christen S, Joyce CR, Ledermann U, Ledergerber B, Cone R, Luthy R, Cohen MR

Honey

Science 1977 Feb 4;195(4277):497-9 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort. Deinzer ML, Thomson PA, Burgett DM, Isaacson DL

Hydrastis canadensis, Ranunculaceae (goldenseal) (berberine toxicity)

Chem Res Toxicol 2001 Nov;14(11):1529-34 Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) 1. Berberine. Inbaraj JJ, Kukielczak BM, Bilski P, Sandvik SL, Chignell CF.

Hypericum perforatum, Guttiferaceae – (hypericin and hyperflorin toxicity)

JAMA, Vol 287, No. 14, April 10, 2002 Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group

JAMA, Vol 285, No. 15, April 18, 2001 Effectiveness of St John's Wort in Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Richard C. Shelton, MD; Martin B. Keller, MD; Alan Gelenberg, MD; David L. Dunner, MD; Robert Hirschfeld, MD; Michael E. Thase, MD; James Russell, MD; R. Bruce Lydiard, MD, PhD; Paul Crits-Cristoph, PhD; Robert Gallop, PhD; Linda Todd; David Hellerstein, MD; Paul Goodnick, MD; Gabor Keitner, MD; Stephen M. Stahl, MD; Uriel Halbreich, MD

Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001 Feb;153(4):402-14 St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature. Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DA

Transplantation 2001 Jan 27;71(2):239-41 Herbal supplements: a potential for drug interactions in transplant recipients. Barone GW, Gurley BJ, Ketel BL, Abul-Ezz SR

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000448 St John's wort for depression. Linde K, Mulrow CD.

J Clin Psychiatry 2000 Nov;61(11):815-20 Adverse neuropsychiatric reactions to herbal and over-the-counter "antidepressants". Pies R

Ceska Slov Farm 2000 Jul;49(4):162-7 [Interactions between herbal medicines and drugs]. [Article in Czech] Tumova L.

Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000 May;67(5):451-7 St John's Wort: effect on CYP3A4 activity. Roby CA, Anderson GD, Kantor E, Dryer DA, Burstein AH

Pharmacotherapy 2000 May;20(5):568-74 Consumer use of St. John's wort: a survey on effectiveness, safety, and tolerability. Beckman SE, Sommi RW, Switzer J

J Psychopharmacol 2000 Mar;14(1):84-6 Mania in a patient receiving testosterone replacement postorchidectomy taking St John's wort and sertraline. Barbenel DM, Yusufi B, O'Shea D, Bench CJ

Lancet 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):548-9 Acute heart transplant rejection due to Saint John's wort. Ruschitzka F, Meier PJ, Turina M, Luscher TF, Noll G

Hautarzt 1997 Apr;48(4):249-52 [Reversible increase in photosensitivity to UV-B caused by St. John's wort extract]. [Article in German] Golsch S, Vocks E, Rakoski J, Brockow K, Ring J

Toxicol Lett 1982 Feb;10(2-3):183-8 Consumption of poisonous plants (Senecio jacobaea, Symphytum officinale, Pteridium aquilinum, Hypericum perforatum) by rats: chronic toxicity, mineral metabolism, and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Garrett BJ, Cheeke PR, Miranda CL, Goeger DE, Buhler DR

From Indiana Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets Website,Purdue University, School of Veterinary Medicine.

Hyssop See: Hyssopus spp., Lamiaceae

Hyssopus spp., Lamiaceae – (pinocamphone and isopinocamphone toxicity)

J Neurol 1999 Aug;246(8):667-70 Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T.

Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 1979 Jan-Mar;9(1):12-8 [Experimental study of the toxic convulsant properties of commercial preparations of essences of sage and hyssop]. [Article in French] Millet Y, Tognetti P, Lavaire-Perlovisi M, Steinmetz MD, Arditti J, Jouglard J

Ilex paraguariensis, Aquifoliaceae– (unidentified toxins)

Br J Cancer 1998 Nov;78(9):1239-43 Meat intake, 'mate' drinking and renal cell cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. De Stefani E, Fierro L, Mendilaharsu M, Ronco A, Larrinaga MT, Balbi JC, Alonso S, Deneo-Pellegrini H

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 Jul;5(7):515-9 Mate drinking and risk of lung cancer in males: a case-control study from Uruguay. De Stefani E, Fierro L, Correa P, Fontham E, Ronco A, Larrinaga M, Balbi J, Mendilaharsu M

Braz J Med Biol Res 1994 Jul;27(7):1517-25 Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in prokaryotic organisms. Leitao AC, Braga RS

Cancer Res 1990 Nov 15;50(22):7112-5 Patterns of mate drinking in a Brazilian city. Victora CG, Munoz N, Horta BL, Ramos EO

Jamu See:

Ann Acad Med Singapore 1986 Jan;15(1):118-21 Drug eruptions from phenylbutazone in Jamu. Giam YC, Tham SN, Tan T, Lim A

Jin bu huan See: Lycopodium serratum, Lycopodiaceae

Kan-mokutsu: (Presumably this is Caulis mutong, but the entry in Bensky at page 135 refers to 3 species in 3 different families --- typical confusion)

FDA bulletin, May 31, 2000,Letter to Health Care Professionals - FDA Concerned About Botanical Products, Including Dietary Supplements, Containing Aristolochic Acid

Kava kava. See: Piper methysticum, Piperaceae

Klamath weed See: Hypericum perforatum, Guttiferaceae

Kombucha tea See: Acetobacter xylinum (bacteria) and various unidentified yeast species

Larrea tridentata, Zygophyllaceae

South Med J 1999 Nov;92(11):1095-7 Acute hepatitis after ingestion of herbs. Shad JA, Chinn CG, Brann OS

Arch Intern Med 1997 Apr 28;157(8):913-9 Chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity. Sheikh NM, Philen RM, Love LA

JAMA 1995 Feb 8;273(6):489-90 Chaparral ingestion. The broadening spectrum of liver injury caused by herbal medications. Gordon DW, Rosenthal G, Hart J, Sirota R, Baker AL

J Clin Gastroenterol 1994 Oct;19(3):242-7 Cholestatic hepatitis after ingestion of chaparral leaf: confirmation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy. Alderman S, Kailas S, Goldfarb S, Singaram C, Malone DG

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992 Oct 30;41(43):812-4 Chaparral-induced toxic hepatitis--California and Texas, 1992. [no author cited]

J Clin Gastroenterol 1990 Apr;12(2):203-6 Herbal hepatitis: subacute hepatic necrosis secondary to chaparral leaf. Katz M, Saibil F

Lepiota helveola, Lepiotaceae (a mushroom).

Liver 1994 Jun;14(3):158-60 Liver transplantation for severe Lepiota helveola poisoning. Meunier B, Messner M, Bardaxoglou E, Spiliopoulos G, Terblanche J, Launois B

Licorice See: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae

Liquorice See: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae

Lycopodium serratum, Lycopodiaceae

J Hepatol 1998 Jan;28(1):165-7 Chronic hepatitis induced by Jin Bu Huan. Picciotto A, Campo N, Brizzolara R, Giusto R, Guido G, Sinelli N, Lapertosa G, Celle G

Arch Intern Med 1996 Apr 22;156(8):899-903 The clinical spectrum of Jin Bu Huan toxicity. Horowitz RS, Feldhaus K, Dart RC, Stermitz FR, Beck JJ.

Ann Intern Med 1994 Nov 15;121(10):729-35 Acute hepatitis associated with the Chinese herbal product jin bu huan. Woolf GM, Petrovic LM, Rojter SE, Wainwright S, Villamil FG, Katkov WN, Michieletti P, Wanless IR, Stermitz FR, Beck JJ, et al

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993 Aug 27;42(33):633-6 Jin bu huan toxicity in children--Colorado, 1993.

Ma Huang See: Ephedra sinica, Ephedraceae

Mandrake See: Mandragora officinarum, Solanaceae

Mandragora officinarum, Solanaceae -- (hallucinogen) confused with Podophyllum peltatum (podophyllotoxin toxicity)

Arch Intern Med 1997 Sep 22;157(17):2007-9 Mandrake toxicity. A case of mistaken identity. Frasca T, Brett AS, Yoo SD

Mate (yerba mate) See: Ilex paraguariensis, Aquifoliaceae

Medicago sativa, Fabaceae (ssp. sativa)

FDA Special Nutritionals Adverse Event Monitoring System (SN/AEMS) Report on Alfalfa

Food Chem Toxicol 1984 Jul;22(7):583-7 Elimination of toxicity from diets containing alfalfa seeds. Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Bardana EJ Jr, Craig S

Science 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):415-7 Systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome in monkeys fed alfalfa sprouts: role of a nonprotein amino acid. Malinow MR, Bardana EJ Jr, Pirofsky B, Craig S, McLaughlin P

Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae -- (cyclic terpene toxicity)

Contact Dermatitis 2001 Aug;45(2):65-67 Safety, efficacy and provenance of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil. Carson CF, Riley TV.

Phytother Res 2000 Dec;14(8):623-9 Pharmacological and antimicrobial studies on different tea-tree oils (Melaleuca alternifolia, Leptospermum scoparium or Manuka and Kunzea ericoides or Kanuka), originating in Australia and New Zealand. Lis-Balchin M, Hart SL, Deans SG.

Am J Contact Dermat 2000 Dec;11(4):238-42 Allergic contact dermatitis to tea tree oil with erythema multiforme-like id reaction. Khanna M, Qasem K, Sasseville D

J Hosp Infect 2000 Nov;46(3):236-7 Tea tree oil as an alternative topical decolonization agent for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Caelli M, Porteous J, Carson CF, Heller R, Riley TV.

Audiol Neurootol 2000 Mar-Apr;5(2):64-8 A study of tea tree oil ototoxicity. Zhang SY, Robertson D.

Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2000 Feb;7(1):17-20 Tea tree oil: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Ernst E, Huntley A.

Am J Contact Dermat 1999 Jun;10(2):68-77 Degradation products of monoterpenes are the sensitizing agents in tea tree oil. Hausen BM, Reichling J, Harkenthal M.

Messybeast.com 1995, 1999 Tea Tree Oil – Toxic to Cats, Sarah Hartwell

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, 208 (1998) Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Oil Poisoning in three purebred cats. Bischoff K, Guale F

Toxicology 1996 Feb 22;107(2):99-109 Toxic effects of some conifer resin acids and tea tree oil on human epithelial and fibroblast cells. Soderberg TA, Johansson A, Gref R

Vet Hum Toxicol 1995 Dec;37(6):557-8 Melaleuca oil poisoning in a 17-month-old. Del Beccaro MA

Australas J Dermatol 1998 Nov;39(4):244-7 Tea tree oil allergy: what is the offending agent? Report of three cases of tea tree oil allergy and review of the literature. Rubel DM, Freeman S, Southwell IA.

Burns 1997 Jun;23(4):349-51 Does tea tree oil have a place in the topical treatment of burns? Faoagali J, George N, Leditschke JF

Vet Hum Toxicol 1994 Apr;36(2):139-42 Toxicity of melaleuca oil and related essential oils applied topically on dogs and cats .Villar D, Knight MJ, Hansen SR, Buck WB

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1994 Apr 16;138(16):823-5 [Allergic contact eczema due to 'tea tree' oil] [Article in Dutch] van der Valk PG, de Groot AC, Bruynzeel DP, Coenraads PJ, Weijland JW.

J Am Acad Dermatol 1994 Mar;30(3):423-7 Melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) dermatitis. Knight TE, Hausen BM.

J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994;32(4):461-4 Melaleuca oil poisoning. Jacobs MR, Hornfeldt CS

Australas J Dermatol 1992;33(3):145-9 Tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis. Tong MM, Altman PM, Barnetson RS.

Menispernum spp., Menispermaceae

FDA bulletin, May 31, 2000,Letter to Health Care Professionals - FDA Concerned About Botanical Products, Including Dietary Supplements, Containing Aristolochic Acid

Milk Thistle See Silybum marianum, Asteraceae

Mokutsu: (Presumably this is Caulis mutong, but the entry in Bensky at page 135 refers to 3 species in 3 different families --- typical confusion)

FDA bulletin, May 31, 2000,Letter to Health Care Professionals - FDA Concerned About Botanical Products, Including Dietary Supplements, Containing Aristolochic Acid

Monk's Hood See: Aconitum spp., Ranunculaceae

Monotes glaber, Dipterocarpaceae

Environ Mol Mutagen 1995;25(1):77-82 Frameshift mutations in Salmonella induced by the extracts of medicinal herbs Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. and Monotes glaber Sprague. Sohni YR, Davis CL, DesChamps AB, Kale PG

Mu tong

FDA bulletin, May 31, 2000,Letter to Health Care Professionals - FDA Concerned About Botanical Products, Including Dietary Supplements, Containing Aristolochic Acid

Nettle See: Urtica dioica, Urticaceae

Packera candidissima (Senecio candidissimus), Asteraceae– (pyrrolizidine alkaloid and terpene toxicity)

J Ethnopharmacol 1994 Jun;43(1):19-30 Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Mexican medicinal plant Packera candidissima (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Bah M, Bye R, Pereda-Miranda R

Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, Araliaceae (Asian and American Ginseng)

Drug Saf 2002;25(5):323-44 Panax ginseng: A Systematic Review of Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions. Coon JT, Ernst E.

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/protection/warnings/2002/2002_09e.htm

Health Canada warns public not to use Hua Fo.Health Canada, February 15, 2002

Product Review: Asian and American Ginseng, ConsumerLab.com, 2000.

Health Care Reality Check FAQ – Ginseng.Maida Taylor, Helen Coleman

Ceska Slov Farm 2000 Jul;49(4):162-7 [Interactions between herbal medicines and drugs]. [Article in Czech] Tumova L.

Sports Med 2000 Feb;29(2):113-33 Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng: an update. Bahrke MS, Morgan WR.

Passiflora incarnata, Passifloraceae – (unidentified toxin)

Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1997 Mar 20;117(8):1140-1 [Nature medicine as intoxicant]. [Article in Norwegian] Solbakken AM, Rorbakken G, Gundersen T

Pausinystalia yohimba, Rubiaceae (yohimbe) (yohimbine toxicity)

Urology 1993 Apr;41(4):343-5 Yohimbine-induced cutaneous drug eruption, progressive renal failure, and lupus-like syndrome. Sandler B, Aronson P.

Pennyroyal Oil See: Hedeoma pulegioides, Lamiaceae Mentha pulegium, Lamiaceae

Pimpinella anisum, Apiaceae

FDA Special Nutritionals Adverse Event Monitoring System (SN/AEMS) Report on Anise

Piper methysticum, Piperaceae (kava kava)

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1998 Nov 20;123(47):1410-4 [Necrotizing hepatitis after taking herbal remedies]. [Article in German] Strahl S, Ehret V, Dahm HH, Maier KP

Hautarzt 1996 Jun;47(6):459-61 [Hematogenous contact eczema cause by phytogenic drugs exemplified by kava root extract] [Article in German] Suss R, Lehmann P.

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1990 Jul;17(7):509-14 Positive interaction of ethanol and kava resin in mice. Jamieson DD, Duffield PH.

Piyan Ping 999 ointment (adulteration of)-See:

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1997 Aug 16;141(33):1626. Dutch.[Dexamethasone in a non-registered ointment from the Far East]. de Smet PA, Wagenaar HW, Smeets OS.

Podophyllum emodi, Berberidaceae (as an adulterant):

J Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Dec;97(6):371-4. Herbal poisoning caused by adulterants or erroneous substitutes. But PP.

J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1982 Mar;19(1):35-44 Podophyllum toxicity: a report of a fatal case and a review of the literature. Cassidy DE, Drewry J, Fanning JP

Polygonum multiflorum, Polygonaceae

Vet Hum Toxicol. 1996 Aug;38(4):280-2.Hepatitis related to the Chinese medicine Shou-wu-pian manufactured from Polygonum multiflorum. But PP, Tomlinson B, Lee KL.

Pteridium aquilinum, Dennstaedtiaceae. (Bracken fern)

Toxicol Lett 1982 Feb;10(2-3):183-8 Consumption of poisonous plants (Senecio jacobaea, Symphytum officinale, Pteridium aquilinum, Hypericum perforatum) by rats: chronic toxicity, mineral metabolism, and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Garrett BJ, Cheeke PR, Miranda CL, Goeger DE, Buhler DR

Ragwort See: Senecio spp., Asteraceae

Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculaceae

Vet Hum Toxicol 1992 Jun;34(3):238-9 Suspected buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus) toxicosis with secondary photosensitization in a Charolais heifer. Kelch WJ, Kerr LA, Adair HS, Boyd GD

Red Clover See: Trifolium pratense, Fabaceae

Relaxir See: Passiflora incarnata, Passifloraceae

Rosemary See: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lamiaceae

Rosmarinus officinalis, Lamiaceae

J Neurol 1999 Aug;246(8):667-70 Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T.

Rutae Herba See: Ruta spp., Rutaceae

Ruta spp.,Rutaceae -- (furoquinoline alkaloid toxicity)

Mutagenesis 1989 Nov;4(6):467-70 The SCE-inducing potency of the furoquinoline alkaloid, gamma-fagarine, and a gamma-fagarine-containing tincture from Rutae Herba, in cultured human lymphocytes. Schimmer O, Leimeister U

Sage See: Salvia officinalis, Lamiaceae

Salvia fruticosa, Lamiaceae

J Ethnopharmacol 1998 May;61(1):67-74 Published erratum appears in J Ethnopharmacol 1998 Dec;63(3):265 Reproductive toxicity potentials of Salvia fruticosa (Labiatae) in rats. Al-Hamood MH, Elbetieha A, Alkofahi A, Bataineh H

Salvia officinalis, Lamiaceae(terpene and camphor toxicity)

J Neurol 1999 Aug;246(8):667-70 Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T.

Planta Med 1991 Jun;57(3):237-41 Studies on the genotoxic properties of essential oils with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. Zani F, Massimo G, Benvenuti S, Bianchi A, Albasini A, Melegari M, Vampa G, Bellotti A, Mazza P

Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 1979 Jan-Mar;9(1):12-8 [Experimental study of the toxic convulsant properties of commercial preparations of essences of sage and hyssop]. [Article in French] Millet Y, Tognetti P, Lavaire-Perlovisi M, Steinmetz MD, Arditti J, Jouglard J

Saw Palmetto See: Serenoa repens or (Serenoa serrulata), Arecaceae

Scullcap See: Scutellaria spp., Lamiaceae

Scutellaria spp., Lamiaceae

Reprod Toxicol 1993;7(1):73-9 Teratogenicity study of Scutellariae Radix in rats. Kim SH, Kim YH, Han SS, Roh JK

Senecio spp., Asteraceae. (pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity: senecionine, seneciphylline, jacoline, jaconine, jacobine, and jacozine -- potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic toxins.)

From Indiana Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets Website,Purdue University, School of Veterinary Medicine.

Vet Hum Toxicol 1999 Jun;41(3):129-33 Interactions in sheep between tall fescue ergot alkaloids and hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride and Senecio pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Debessai WT, Huan J, Cheeke PR

J Nat Toxins 1998 Feb;7(1):87-93 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio nevadensis. Bourauel T, Plassmeier C, Roeder E

Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996 Jun 22;126(25):1085-98 [Serious plant poisonings in Switzerland 1966-1994. Case analysis from the Swiss Toxicology Information Center]. [Article in German] Jaspersen-Schib R, Theus L, Guirguis-Oeschger M, Gossweiler B, Meier-Abt PJ

Presse Med 1994 Apr 16;23(15):691-3 [Liver involvement in the course of phytotherapy]. [Article in French] Larrey D

Vet Hum Toxicol 1984 Apr;26(2):108-11 Large scale extraction of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Craig AM, Sheggeby G, Wicks Ce

J Anim Sci 1984 May;58(5):1245-54 Mutagenic responses of tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) plant, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and metabolites in goat milk with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. White RD, Krumperman PH, Cheeke PR, Deinzer ML, Buhler DR

J Anim Sci 1984 Apr;58(4):1029-39 Teratogens in plants. Keeler RF

Equine Vet J 1983 Jul;15(3):248-50 Outbreak of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) poisoning in horses. Giles CJ

J Anim Sci 1982 Dec;55(6):1411-6 Effect of dietary Senecio jacobaea and injected Senecio alkaloids and monocrotaline on guinea pigs. Swick RA, Cheeke PR, Goeger DE, Buhler DR

Toxicol Lett 1982 Feb;10(2-3):183-8 Consumption of poisonous plants (Senecio jacobaea, Symphytum officinale, Pteridium aquilinum, Hypericum perforatum) by rats: chronic toxicity, mineral metabolism, and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Garrett BJ, Cheeke PR, Miranda CL, Goeger DE, Buhler DR

Toxicol Lett 1980 May;5(6):369-74 The effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Senecio vulgaris) on the liver mixed-funcion oxidase system. Eastman DF, Segall HJ

Ann Pharm Fr 1979;37(1-2):13-20 [Senecio vulgaris L. (Compositae) toxicity for liver]. [Article in French] Delaveau P, Ferry S, Barbagelatta M, Casper C

Am J Vet Res 1978 Sep;39(9):1542-4 Tolerance of cattle to tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Johnson AE

Gastroenterology 1977 Aug;73(2):349-52 Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine (Senecio) poisoning in Arizona. Stillman AS, Huxtable R, Consroe P, Kohnen P, Smith S

Science 1977 Feb 4;195(4277):497-9 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort. Deinzer ML, Thomson PA, Burgett DM, Isaacson DL

S Afr Med J 1976 Jul 3;50(28):1096-9 Herb use and necrodegenerative hepatitis. Mokhobo KP

Am J Vet Res 1976 Jan;37(1):107-10 Changes in calves and rats consuming milk from cows fed chronic lethal doses of Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort). Johnson AE

S Afr Med J 1972 Jul 22;46(30):1039-43 Senecio species: toxic plants used as food and medicine in the Transkei. Rose EF

Trop Geogr Med 1972 Jun;24(2):194-8 Prevention or cure? Use of toxic herbs and geographic pathology. [No abstract available.] Schoental R

Pharmacol Rev 1970 Dec;22(4):429-83 The toxic actions of pyrrolizidine (senecio) alkaloids. [Review – no abstract available] McLean EK

Trop Geogr Med 1970 Jun;22(2):201-10 Hepatotoxicity of Senecio abyssinicus. Experimental and ultrastructural studies. [No abstract available.] Williams AO, Schoental R

Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1970 Feb;48(1):93-103 A method for the assessment of the chronic hepatoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. [No abstract available] Jago MV

Am J Pathol 1969 Sep;56(3):405-21 The development of the hepatic megalocytosis of chronic pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning. [No abstract available] Jago MV

Rev Fr Etud Clin Biol 1969 Feb;14(2):192-212 [Toxic hepatitis]. [No abstract available.] [Article in French] Sicot C, Bismuth C, Frejaville JP, Berthelot P, Rueff B, Benhamou JP

J Comp Pathol 1968 Apr;78(2):207-18 Serum changes following the feeding of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) to calves. [No abstract available.] Ford EJ, Ritchie HE, Thorpe E

J Comp Pathol 1968 Apr;78(2):195-205 Development of hepatic lesions in calves fed with ragwort (Senecio jacobea) . [No abstract available.] Thorpe E, Ford EJ

Am J Pathol 1966 Jul;49(1):129-51 Delayed hepatitis and cirrhosis in weanling rats following a single small dose of the senecio alkaloid, lasiocarpine. [No abstract available] Nolan JP, Scheig RL, Klatskin G

Serona Repens (or Serona Serrulata), Arecaceae

Product Review: Saw Palmetto, Consumerlab.com, 2000

Silybum marianum, Asteraceae

Health Care Reality Check FAQ – Milk Thistle. Maida Taylor, Helen Coleman

MJA 1999; 170: 218-219 An adverse reaction to the herbal medication milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

Nurses' Drug Alert 23(7):51, 1999.Adverse Reaction : Milk Thistle-Associated Toxicity

Sinomenium spp., Menispermaceae

FDA bulletin, May 31, 2000,Letter to Health Care Professionals - FDA Concerned About Botanical Products, Including Dietary Supplements, Containing Aristolochic Acid

Shou-Wu-Pian See: Polygonum multiflorum, Polygonaceae

St. John's Wort See: Hypericum perforatum, Guttiferae

Stephania spp., Menispermaceae

FDA bulletin, May 31, 2000,Letter to Health Care Professionals - FDA Concerned About Botanical Products, Including Dietary Supplements, Containing Aristolochic Acid

Symphytum officinale, Boraginaceae – (pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity)

Public Health Nutr 2000 Dec;3(4A):501-8 The efficacy and safety of comfrey. Stickel F, Seitz HK.

Nat Toxins 1996;4(4):163-7 Analysis, separation, and bioassay of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey (Symphytum officinale). Couet CE, Crews C, Hanley AB

Presse Med 1994 Apr 16;23(15):691-3 [Liver involvement in the course of phytotherapy]. [Article in French] Larrey D

Int J Exp Pathol 1993 Apr;74(2):211-7 Hepatocyte membrane injury and bleb formation following low dose comfrey toxicity in rats. Yeong ML, Wakefield SJ, Ford HC

Toxicol Lett 1982 Feb;10(2-3):183-8 Consumption of poisonous plants (Senecio jacobaea, Symphytum officinale, Pteridium aquilinum, Hypericum perforatum) by rats: chronic toxicity, mineral metabolism, and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Garrett BJ, Cheeke PR, Miranda CL, Goeger DE, Buhler DR

Experientia 1980 Apr 15;36(4):377-9 Structure and toxicity of the alkaloids of Russian comfrey (symphytum x uplandicum Nyman), a medicinal herb and item of human diet. Culvenor CC, Clarke M, Edgar JA, Frahn JL, Jago MV, Peterson JE, Smith LW